In battery cases, damages can be presumed even if there are no actual monetary damages.

• A. Damages can be presumed even without actual damages
• B. Damages must always be proven with actual monetary loss
• C. Battery involves intentional contact
• D. Damages may include non-economic harms

Answer: (B)

The main idea tested here is the burden of proof for damages in a battery claim. In civil cases like this, you don’t receive a monetary remedy just because there was harmful contact; you have to show there was actual harm that can be valued in money. That means the plaintiff must present evidence of damages—whether concrete financial losses (medical bills, wages lost, property damage) or other harm that can be monetarily quantified. Noneconomic harms (like pain or distress) are part of damages, but they still require evidence to support a monetary figure. So the rule reflected here is that damages are not presumed from the act of battery; they must be proven with some monetary basis.