Which term describes the presumption that the defendant is innocent until proven guilty?

• A. Presumption of innocence
• B. Mens rea
• C. Actus reus
• D. Probable cause

Answer: (A)

The presumption of innocence is the fundamental principle that a person accused of a crime is treated as innocent until proven guilty in a court of law. This means the burden of proof rests on the prosecution, who must establish the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt. It protects due process and ensures the defendant isn’t forced to prove innocence or guess at their own guilt.

Mens rea refers to the mental state or intent behind the crime, which can be a requirement for many offenses. Actus reus is the actual prohibited act or omission. Probable cause is the reasonable basis to believe a person has committed a crime, used to justify arrests or searches, not a judgment of guilt.